Joint Symposia, Tutorials (with TT participation) and TT Focus Sessions, including joint EPS Mini Colloquia

Last Update: 22 March 2024

Berlin 2024 (overview TT)

• TUT 4: Thermoelectricity – Fundamental Aspects, Materials, Applications (TT/MA)
  Organization: Ulrich Eckern (University of Augsburg), Claudia Felser (MPI CPS Dresden), Anke Weidenkaff (TU Darmstadt & Fraunhofer IWKS)
• SYDE: Symposium Diversity and Equality in Physics (AKC/SOE/AG You Leap/TT/MA)
  
  
• SYMS: Symposium Three-Dimensional Nanostructures: From Magnetism to Superconductivity (MA/TT)
  Organization: Claire Donnelly (MPI Dresden), Naëmi Leo (Univ Zaragoza, Vladimir M. Fomin (IFW Dresden)
• SYEM: Symposium Emerging Materials for Renewable Energy Conversion (HL/O/DS/TT/MA)
  Organization: Johanna Eichhorn (TU Munich), Jasnamol Palakkal (Univ. Göttingen)
• SYQI: Symposium Entanglement in Quantum Information, Condensed Matter and Gravity (MP, QI, TT)
  Organization: J. Erdmenger, Guido Burkard (Uni Konstanz, Elke Scheer (Uni Konstanz
• SYQC: Symposium Quantum Communication: Promises or Reality? (HL/TT/QI)
  Organization: Vikas Remesh (Uni Innsbruck), Tobias Heindel (TU Berlin), Doris Reiter (TU Dortmund)
•  

Focus Sessions:

• Physics Meets ML I - Machine Learning for Complex Quantum (DY, TT)
  Organizers: S. Andergassen, M. Helias
• Physics Meets ML II - Understanding Machine Learning as Complex Interacting Systems (TT,DY)
  Organizers: M. Gärttner, M. Schmitt
• New Perspectives for Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigeration in the Kelvin and sub-Kelvin Range (TT, MA)
  Honecker, J. Schnack
• ∙Unconventional Transport Phenomena in Low-Dimensional Superconducting Heterostructures
  Belzig, A. Di Bernardo
• Correlations in Moiré Quantum Matter (I und II)
  Valenti, T. Wehling
• Superconducting Nickelates (I und II)
  Organizers: E. Benckiser, F. Lechermann
• (RWTH Aachen)

 

 

Dresden 2023 (overview TT)

• Tutorium Physics Meets Machine Learning (DY,TT)
  Organization: S. Andergassen, M. Helias, M. Schmitt, M. Gärttner
• Symposium Ultrafast Excitation Pathways of Quantum Materials (SYUE)
  (O, TT, DS), Organization: M SENTEF (MPSD Hamburg), M. ECKSTEIN (Uni Erlangen/. Hamburg)
• Symposium Topology in Quantum and Classical Physics – From Topological Insulators to Active Matter (SYQC)
  (BP, TT, DY), Organization: M. Marganska (Regensburg), A. Venaille (Lyon)
• Symposium Real-Time Measurements of Quantum Dynamics (SYQD)
  (HL, MA, TT), Organization: J.König (Uni Duisburg-Essen), R. Haug, Uni Hannover
• Symposium Topological Superconductor-Magnet Heterostructures (SYTS)
  (TT, MA, MM), Organization: I. Eremin (Uni Bochum), K. Everschor-Sitte (Uni Duisburg-Essen, Wulf Wulfhekel (KIT Karlsruhe)
• Symposium Physics of van der Waals 2D Heterostructures (SYHS)
  (TT, HL, O, MA, DS) J. Fabian (Uni Regensburg), C. Stampfer

Focus Sessions:

• Quantum Interactive Dynamics I and II (DY/TT)
  Organizers: Roderich Moesser, MPI Dresden, Frank Pollmann TU München
• Recent progresses in criticality in the presence of boundaries and defects I and II (DY/TT)
  Organizers: Francesco Parisen Toldin (Aachen),Stefan Wessel (Aachen)
• Artificial Intelligence in Condensed Matter Physics (TT/DY)
  Organizers: Simon Trebst Uni Köln, Florian Marquardt MPI Erlangen, Markus Schmitt FZ Jülich
• Exploring Quantum Entanglement with Superconducting Qubits and Resonators (QI/TT)
  Organizer: Oded Zilberberg (Uni Konstanz)
• Spin Phenomena in Chiral Molecular Systems I und II (O/TT)
  Organizers: Katharina Franke (FU Berlin), Benjamin Stadtmüller (TU Kaiserslautern)
• Unconventional Thermoelectric Phenomena and Materials (MA/TT)
  Organizers: Ulrich Eckern (Uni Augsburg), Max Hirschberger (Uni Tokyo)
• SrTiO3: A Versatile Material from Bulk Quantum Paraelectric to 2D Superconductor I, II, III, Poster (KFM/MA/O/TT)
  Organizers: Rossitza Pentcheva Universität Duisburg-Essen Marc Scheffler Uni Stuttgart,
• Nanomechanical systems for classical and quantum sensing applications I,II,III, Posters (HL/QI/TT)
  Organizers: Eva Weig TU München Hans Huebl WMI München, Hubert Krenner (Uni Münster)
• Evolution of Topological Materials into Superconducting Nanodevices I,II (HL/TT)
  Organizers: Thomas Schäpers, Philipp Rüßmann, and Peter Schüffelgen
• Emerging Magnetic Phenomena from Chiral Phonons I,II (MA/TT)
  Organizers: Sebastian T. B. Goennenwein, Uni Konstanz, Ulrich Nowak, Uni Konstanz
• Frustrated Magnetism and Local Order (MA/TT)
  Organizers: Daniel Wegner and Alexander A. Khajetoorians (Radboud University, Nijmegen)
• Anomalous Quantum Oscillations (TT)
  Organizers: Johannes Knolle TU München, Christian Pfleiderer TU München
• Strongly Disordered Superconductors (TT)
  Organizers: Organizers: Christoph Strunk (University of Regensburg), Ferdinand Evers (University of Regensburg)
• Dynamical Probes for Topological Magnetism (TT)
  Organizers: G. Uhrig (TU Dortmund), D. Bossini (Uni Konstanz)

Regensburg 2022 (overview TT)

 TT Focus Sessions

• Ultrafast spin, lattice, and charge dynamics in solids Organizers: Davide Bossini, Uni. Konstanz, Götz S. Uhrig, TU Dortmund (TT)
•  Superconductivity in 2d-Materials and their Heterostructures Organizers: Christoph Stampfer, RWTH Aachen, Christoph Strunk, Uni Regensburg (TT)
• Topological Devices Organizers: Erwann Bocquillon, Oliver Breunig, Yoichi Ando (Uni. Köln)The Nickel Age of Superconductivity: Cuprates Reloaded or Something New? (TT)

• Joint Symposia
  
  • Frontiers of Orbital Physics: Statics, Dynamics, Transport or Orbital Angular momentum (MA, O, TT) Organization: Ingrid Mertig (Halle)
  •  Symposium United Kingdom as Guest of Honor (2 TT talks) SKM
  •  Complexity and Topology in Quantum Matter (HL, TT)
    Organization: Matthias Vojta (Technische Universität Dresden), Ralph Claessen (Universität Würzburg)

SKM Online 2021 (overview TT)

•  TT Focus Sessions
  • Exotic charge density wave states of matter: correlations and topology (TT/HL)
    Organisation: R. Valenti (U. Frankfurt), T. Wehling (U. Hamburg)
  • Topological Kagome metals (TT)
    Organization: M. Dressel und E. Uykur (U. Stuttgart)
  • Disordered and granular superconductors: fundamentals and applications in
    quantum technology (TT)
    Organization: M. Scheffler (U. Stuttgart), J. Ankerhold (U. Ulm)
  • Entanglement as a probe for Correlated Quantum Matter (TT)
    Organization: A. Tsirlin (U. Augsburg), F. Pollmann (TUM)
  • Emerging phenomena in superconducting low dimensional hybrid systems (TT)
    Organization: E. Scheer und W. Belzig (U. Konstanz)
  • Correlated van-der-Waals magnets (TT)
    Organization: B. Büchner (IWF Dresden), R. Klingeler (U. Heidelberg)
• Joint Symposia
  
  • Potentials for NVs sensing magnetic phases, textures and excitations
    (TT, MA, MM, HL)
    Organization: Hans Huebl (WMI), Matthias Althammer (WMI) Andreas Stier (TUM)
  • Novel phases and dynamical properties of magnetic skyrmions (TT, O, KFM, MA)
    Organization: C. Pfleiderer (TUM), A. Rosch (U. Köln)
  • Facets of many-body quantum chaos (TT, DY, MA)
    Organization: K. Richter (U. Regensburg), M. Heyl (MPIPKS)

Dresden 2020 (overview TT), cancelled

•  TT Focus Sessions
  • The Nickel Age of Superconductivity: Cuprates Reloaded or Something New? (TT)
    Organization: Joachim Ankerhold, Björn Kubala, Ciprian Padurariu (Ulm University)
  • Simulating Quantum Many-Body Systems on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers (TT, DY)
    Organization: Frank Pollmann (Technical University of Munich), Roderich Moessner (Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden)
  • “Frontiers in Cryogenic Particle Detection ( TT)
    Organization: Organization: Sebastian Kempf (Universität Heidelberg)
• Joint Symposia
  
  • Physics of van der Waals 2D heterostructures (SYWH) (DS, HL, MA, O, TT)
    Organization: Jaroslav Fabian (Uni Regensburg), Christoph Stampfer (RWTH Aachen)

 

Regensburg 2019 (overview TT)

• Tutorial
  • Next generation of SI-Units (VA,TT)
    Organization: Thomas Giegerich (KIT), Christian Enss (Uni Heidelberg)
•  TT Focus Sessions
  • New Bright Sources of Quantum Microwaves (TT)
    Organization: Joachim Ankerhold, Björn Kubala, Ciprian Padurariu (Ulm University)
  • Quantum Dynamics of Kinetically Constrained Many-Body Systems (TT, DY)
    Organization: Michael Knap (Technical University of Munich), Frank Pollmann (Technical University of Munich), Roderich Moessner (Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden)
  • Topology in 3D Reciprocal Space: Beyond Dirac and Weyl Quasiparticles ( TT, MA)
    Organization: Organization: Artem Pronin (Universität Stuttgart), Claudia Felser (MPI-CPfS Dresden), Martin Dressel (Universität Stuttgart)
  • Broken Time Reversal Symmetry in Multiband Superconductors (TT)
    Organization: Hans-Henning Klauss (TU Dresden), Ilya Eremin (RU Bochum), Dimitry V. Efremov (IFW Dresden)
• Joint Symposia
  • Hydrodynamic Electronics: Transport in ultra-pure Quantum Systems (SYHE) (DY, MA, TT)
    Organization: Lars Fritz(University Utrecht), Alexander Mirlin (KIT), Jörg Schmalian (KIT)
  • Interactions and Spin in 2D Heterostructures (SYIS) (DS, HL, KFM, MA, O, TT)
    Organization: Jaroslav Fabian (Uni Regensburg), Christoph Stampfer (RWTH Aachen)

Berlin 2018 (overview TT)

• Tutorial
  • Quantum technologies (HL,TT)
    Organization: Erich Runge (TU Ilmenau), Christian Enss (Uni Heidelberg)
• EPS Mini Colloquia / TT Focus Sessions
  • Quantum turbulence and imaging of quantum flow of superfluids (CMD LT, TT)
    Organization: Ladislav Skrbek (Charles University, Prague), Richard Haley (Lancaster University)
  • Topological defects in superconductors and magnets (CMD LT, TT)
    Organization: Sebastian Mühlbauer (TU München), Hermann Suderow (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid), Javier Villegas (Thales, Paris), Markus Garst (TU Dresden)
  • Mesoscopic superconductivity and quantum circuits (CMD LT, TT)
    Organization: Gianluigi Catelani (FZ Jülich), Denis Vion (CEA-Saclay), Martin Weides (KIT)
  • Chiral Topological Superconductors and Majorana Fermions (TT)
    Organization: Katharina Franke (FU Berlin), Stephan Rachel (University of Melbourne)
  • Recent developments in computational many body physics (TT)
    Organization: Fakher Assaad (Uni Würzburg), Reinhard Noack (Uni Marburg, TT)
• Joint Symposia
  • Topology in Condensed Matter Physics (SYTO) (LT/TT, SP/HL, MA, SE/O)
    Organization: Sebastian Mühlbauer (TU München), Frank Pollmann (TU München), Stephan Rachel (University of Melbourne), Hermann Suderow (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid), Jeroen van den Brink (IFW Dresden / TU Dresden)
  • 2D Materials (SYDM) (DS, MA, MM, O, TT)
    Organization: Thomas Heine (Uni Leipzig), Rudolf Bratschitsch (WWU Münster), Andres Castellano-Gomez (CSIC Madrid), Ulf Wiedwald (Uni Duisburg-Essen)

Dresden 2017 (overview TT)

• Focus Sessions
  • Frustration in Mott insulators and Mott criticality (TT)
    Organization: M. Dressel (Uni Stuttgart), M. Lang (Uni Frankfurt), R. Valenti (Uni Frankfurt)
  • Two-Dimensional Materials I (DS, HL, TT)
  • Two-Dimensional Materials II (DS, HL, TT)
  • Nematicity, Magnetism and Superconductivity in FeSe and Related Compounds (TT)
    Organization: I. Eremin (Uni Bochum), J. Schmalian (KIT)
  • Topological Insulators on Coupled Quantum Wells (DS, HL, MA, O, TT)
  • Non-Equilibrium Dynamics in Light-Driven Materials: Theory Meets Experiment (O, TT)
    Organization: D. Manske (MPI Stuttgart), S. Kaiser (MPI Stuttgart), M. Wolf (MPI Berlin)
  • Collective Quantum Dynamics: From Fundamentals to New Phenomena (TT)
    Organization: F. Pollmann (MPI-PKS, Dresden), R. Moessner (MPI-PKS, Dresden)
  • 2D Materials: Ballistic Quantum Transport in Graphene (DS, DY, HL, MA, O, TT)
    Organization: W. Häusler (Uni Augsburg), R. Egger (Uni Düsseldorf), K. Richter (Uni Regensburg)
  • Superconductivity in the Vicinity of a Quantum Critical Point (TT)
    Organization: C. Krellner (Uni Frankfurt), P. Gegenwart (Uni Augsburg), R. Valenti (Uni Frankfurt)
• Joint Symposia
  • Novel Functionality and topology driven Phenomena in Ferroics and Correlated Electron Systems (DF, DS, KR, MA, MI, TT)
    Organization: S. Krohns (Uni Augsburg), D. Meier (Uni Trondheim), E. Soergel (Uni Bonn)
  • Quantum Optics on the Nanoscale (HL, DS, O, TT)
    Organization: W. Pfeiffer (Uni Bielefeld), E. Runge (TU Ilmenau), M. Bayer (TU Dortmund)
  • Optics and Light-Matter Interactions with Excitons in 2D Materials (HL, DS, O, TT)
    Organization: S. Höfling (Uni Würzburg), J. Finley (TU München)
  • Frontiers of Electronic-Structure Theory: New Concepts and Developments in Density Functional Theory and beyond (CPP, DS, HL, M, MM, O, TT)
    Organization: J. Perdew (Uni Philadelphia), A. Rubio (MPI Hamburg), M. Scheffler (FHI Berlin)

Regensburg 2016 (overview TT)

• Focus Sessions
  • Realistic Dynamical Mean-Field Approaches to Correlated Quantum Materials (TT, MA)
    Organization: D. Vollhardt (Uni Augsburg), R. Valenti (Uni Frankfurt)
  • Engineered Magnetic Impurities: Interaction and Superconductivity (TT, MA, O)
    Organization: W. Belzig (Uni Konstanz), K. Franke (FU Berlin)
  • Spectroscopy of Quantum Spin Liquids (TT, MA)
    Organization: F. Pollmann, R. Moessner (MPI-PCS Dresden)
  • High Temperature Superconductivity in Hydrides (TT)
    Organization: R. Hackl (WMI Garching)
  • Many-Body Interference and Quantum Statistical Physics (DY, TT)
    Organization: K. Richter (Uni Regensburg), A. Buchleitner (Uni Freiburg)
  • Single-particle sources for electronic devices (HL, TT)
    Organization: J. Splettstößer (Chalmers), R. Haug (Uni Hannover)
• Joint Symposia
  • Topological Insulators: Status Quo and Future Directions (TT, O, HL, MA)
    Organization: S. Rachel (TU Dresden), J. Sánchez-Barriga (HZ Berlin)
  • Quantum Signatures in Magnetism (MA, TT, HL, O)
    Organization: H. Huebl, S. Goennenwein, R. Gross (WMI Garching)
  • Frontiers of Electronic-Structure Theory: Focus on Topology and Transport (O, HL, TT, DS, CPP, MA)
    Organization: I. Mertig (Uni Halle), G. Vignale (Uni Missouri-Columbia), M. Scheffler (FHI Berlin)
• Tutorial (organized by TT)
  • Correlations in Integrable Quantum Many-Body Systems
    Organization: H. Boos, A. Klümper (Uni Wuppertal)

Berlin 2015 (overview TT)

• Focus Sessions
  • Skyrmionics: Future of Spintronics? (TT, MA, O)
    Organization: Ch. Back (Uni Regensburg), Ch. Pfleiderer (TU München)
  • Dynamics in Many-Body Systems: Equilibration and Localization (TT, DY)
    Organization: R. Moessner, F. Pollmann (MPI-PKS Dresden)
  • Electric Power Applications of Superconductivity (TT)
    Organization: B. Holzapfel, R. Hott (KIT), K. Scharnberg (Uni Hamburg)
  • Nanoscopic Superconducting Heterostructures (TT)
    Organization: W. Belzig, E. Scheer (Uni Konstanz)
  • Visualization of Heavy Fermion Formation through Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (TT)
    Organization: S. Kirchner (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou), J. Kroha (Uni Bonn)
  • Ultra-Fast Magnetism under Electronic Nonequilibrium Conditions (MA, TT)
    Organization: U. Bovensiepen (Uni Duisburg-Essen), M. Eckstein (Uni Hamburg), M. Katsnelson (Uni Nijmegen)
• Joint Symposia
  • SYDW: Domain Wall Functionality and Engineering of Complex Oxides (DF, KR, MA, MI,TT)
    Organization: M. Fiebig (ETH Zürich), D. Meier (ETH Zürich), E. Soergel (Uni Bonn)
  • SYHM: Higgs Modes in Condensed Matter and Quantum Gases (TT, DY, MA, O)
    Organization: M. Dressel (Uni Stuttgart), D. Manske (MPI-FKF Stuttgart)
  • SYMM: Magnetic MAX Phases: Self-Healing, Magnetism and the Next Best Graphene (MA, HL, MM, TT)
    Organization: M. Farle (Uni Duisburg-Essen)
  • SYGP: Geometric Paradigms in Modern Physics (GR, AGPhil, GP, MP, TT)
    Organization: D. Giulini (Uni Hannover), D. Lehmkuhl (Uni Wuppertal), K.-H. Rehren (Uni Göttingen)
  • SYME: Frontiers of Electronic Structure Theory: Many-Body Effects on the Nano-Scale (HL, CPP, MM, O, TT)
    Organization: S. G. Louie (UC Berkeley), E. Runge (TU Ilmenau), M. Scheffler (FHI Berlin)
• Tutorial (organized by TT)
  • Nonequilibrium Renormalization Group Methods (poster)
    Organization: V. Meden (RWTH Aachen)

Dresden 2014 (overview TT)

• Focus Sessions
  • Electronic Properties of Spin-Orbit Driven Oxides
    Organization: R. Valenti (Uni Frankfurt), J. v. d. Brink (IFW Dresden)
  • Advanced Algorithms for Strongly Correlated Quantum Matter
    Organization: F. Assaad (Uni Würzburg)
  • Theoretical Advances in Interacting Topological Phases
    Organization: S. Rachel (TU Dresden)
  • Dynamics, Topology, and Fractionalisation
    Organization: R. Moessner (MPI PKS Dresden), Ch. Pfleiderer (TU München)
• Joint Symposia
  • Magnetic/Organic Interfaces and Molecular Magnetism (MA, CPP, DS, HL, O, TT)
    Organization: M. Aeschlimann, J. Schnack, O. Waldmann, D. Zahn
  • Spin Properties of Graphene (HL, DS, MA, O, TT)
    Organization: M. Morgenstern
  • One-Dimensional Metals: Reality or Fiction? (DS, HL, O, TT)
    Organization: N. Esser, H. Pfnür, C. Tegenkamp
• Tutorials (organized by TT)
  • Thermoelectricity - The Quest for a High Figure of Merit
    Organization: U. Eckern (Uni Augsburg), C. Felser (MPI CPfS Dresden)
  • Advanced Algorithms for Correlated Quantum Matter
    Organization: F. Assaad (Uni Würzburg), U. Eckern (Uni Augsburg)

Regensburg 2013 (overview TT)

• Focus Sessions
  • Correlations in Topological Bands (TT, DS, HL, MA, O)
    Organization: R. Moessner (MPI PKS Dresden)
  • Majorana Fermions in Condensed Matter (TT, DS, HL, MA, O)
    Organization: F. Hassler (RWTH Aachen), M. Wimmer (Uni Leiden)
  • Magnetism and Superconductivity in Fe Based Pnictides and Chalcogenides (TT, MA)
    Organization: J. Deisenhofer (Uni Augsburg), C. Honerkamp (RWTH Aachen)
  • Dynamical Mean-Field Approach to Correlated Electron Materials (TT, MA)
    Organization: R. Claessen (Uni Würzburg), E. Pavarini (FZ Jülich), D. Vollhardt (Uni Augsburg)
• Joint Symposia
  • Strong Coupling in Solid State Quantum Systems (SYSC; TT, DY, HL, MA)
    Organization: S. Gönnenwein, H. Hübl (WMI, Garching)
  • Thermoelectric and Spincaloric Transport in Nanostructures (SYTS; DF, DS, HL, MA, MI, MM, TT)
    Organization: R. A. Eichel (KIT), G. Woltersdorf (U Regensburg)
  • Quantum Plasmonics (SYQP; HL, O, TT)
    Organization: Ch. Lienau (U Oldenburg), W. Pfeiffer (U Bielefeld)
  • Frontiers of Electronic Structure Theory: Discovery of Novel Functional Materials (SYES; O, DS, HL, MA, TT)
    Organization: R. Drautz (U Bochum), N. Marzari (EPFL), M. Scheffler (FHI, Berlin)
• Tutorial (organized by TT)
  • Topological Insulators and Majorana-Fermion Physics
    Organization: U. Eckern (Uni Augsburg), K. Richter (Uni Regensburg)

Berlin 2012 (overview TT)

• Focus Sessions
  • Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering on Magnetic Excitations (TT 7)
  • Charge and Spin Transport through Junctions at the Nanometer Scale (TT 35)
  • Cryogenic Detectors (TT 41)
• Joint Symposia
  • Frontiers of Nanomechanics (SYNM; TT, DY, HL)
  • Topological Insulators: Influence of Superconductivity, Magnetism and Extrinsic Spin-Orbit Interaction (SYTI; MA, O, TT, DS, HL)

Dresden 2011 (overview TT)

• Focus Sessions
  • Frontiers in Classical and Quantum Spin Systems (TT 6)
  • 50 Years of Flux Quantization (TT 20)
  • 100 Years of Superconductivity (TT 45)
• Joint Symposia (SKM)
  • Spincaloric Transport (SKM-SYST; MA, HL, TT)
  • Topological Insulators (SKM-SYTI; MA, HL, TT)
• Intersectional Symposia (SKM-SAMOP)
  • Hybrid Quantum Systems - Interfacing Atoms, Solids and Light (SYHQ; TT etc)
  • Cavity meets Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics (SYQE; TT etc)

Regensburg 2010 (overview TT)

• Focus Sessions
  • Topological Defects in Electronic Systems (TT 13; TT+MA)
  • Quantum Criticality in Strongly Correlated Metals (TT 21)
  • Iron-Based Superconductors (TT 25)
  • Time-Resolved Spectroscopy in Correlated Electron Systems: Experiment and Theory (TT 28)
• Joint Symposia
  • Energy Landscapes: Statistical Physics of (Spin-)Glasses, Biomolecules, Clusters and Optimization Problems (SYEL; DY, CPP, DF, TT)
  • Spin-Orbit Coupling and Spin Relaxation in Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes (SYGN; TT, MA, HL, DS, MM)